延续性动词与短暂性动词.docVIP

延续性动词与短暂性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与短暂性动词。 延续性动词可以与以since，for ，how long等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。 例如: He has lived here for 6 years. How long did you stay there last year? 短暂性动词也称终止性动词、非延续性动词或瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束.如:open ,die ,close ,begin ,finish ,come ,go,join ,borrow ,lend ,buy ,arrive , reach ,start ,marry ,end等。 短暂性动词用在现在完成时要注意下面三点： 1.短暂性动词可与just，yet，already ，ever，never等连用，用于现在完成时。 例如： The old man hasjust died． 2. 短暂性动词的肯定形式是不能持续的，所以不能和以since，for ，how long等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。例如： The old man has died for two weeks。(错误) How long have you borrowed the book? ( 错误 ) 在以上两句中，die和borrow都是短暂性动词，可用于现在完成时，但在肯定句中不能与以since或for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。因此是错误的。 3. 短暂性动词的否定式可以和表一段时间的状语连用，因为否定本身就是可以延续的。 例如：He hasnt left here since 1986. 三．短暂性动词如果用于表示一段时间的现在完成时肯定句中，需要作相应的变化。现将常见的短暂性动词的转化归纳如下。 1.用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词。 buy → have borrow → keep put on →wear become →be catch a cold → have a cold come to work→ work begin to teach → teach get to know→ know make friends→be friends fall ill→ be ill 1). buy → have （买） I bought the bike three weeks ago. I have had the bike for three weeks. I have had the bike since three weeks ago. It is three weeks since I bought the bike. Three weeks has passed since I bought the bike. 2.用be+形容词或副词替换短暂性动词。 die → be dead leave→ be away(from) finish / end→ be over begin / start → be on open → be open close → be closed come here → be here come back→ be back marry → be married fall asleep / get to sleep → be asleep return → be back get up→be up 1). die → be dead He died three years ago. He has been dead for three years. He has been dead since three years ago. 　It is three years since he died. Three years has passed since he died. 3.用be+介词短语替换短暂性动词。 join→ be in the+组织 / be a + 成员 come / go to Beijing / Dalian→ be in Beijing / Dalian arrive at (in) / reach / get to → be in / at +地点名词