The Importance of Growth成长的重要性.pptxVIP

Growth in the 1990s: Special Note on PovertyPresentation to ICRIER September 28, 2004*1 Four lessons on poverty Centrality of sustained economic growth for poverty reduction Poverty as a phenomena is about much more than income or expenditures aloneDelivery of services is key for the poorEquity is a key element of development12/19/20202 Growth, inequality, and changes inACE poverty are arithmetically linke12/19/20203 Growth and poverty reduction Empirically over long spells, differences i economic growth account for 2/3 of the differences in the pace of poverty reductionThe rest:Differences in initial conditions (inequality) Differences in the participation of the poor in growth12/19/20204 Two fundamental features of growth and income inequality12/19/20205Growth is variable across countries and over time Inequality is highly variable across countries, ver over time within countries. Country growth typically changes by more than a cros national standard deviation—inequality (almost) n does. arbitrary—who is not poor globally “the rich” in poor countries are pby global standards12/19/20206 Poverty is about much more than incomeIncome/expenditure poverty Delivery of key social services to the poor ( section)Risk and vulnerabilityVoice and power12/19/20207 Vulnerability to poverty is often larelative to “the poor”12/19/20208 Effective delivery of services is important Access to quality services is an independent dimension of well-being and a component of poverty Voice of the poor is central is achieving qua services12/19/20209 12/19/202010 An accountability framework for service deliveryLong route12/19/202011Short routeCompactVoiceClient power 12/19/202012 Pro-poor vs. clientelist serviceenvironments12/19/202013 Equity in developmentInequality, institutions, and growthLegitimacy of reforms key to expectationsFull participation—process12/19/202014