第6章电化学腐蚀与防护.pdfVIP

第六章 电化学腐蚀与防护 Corrosion Corrosion is the undesirable oxidation of a metal. A familiar example of corrosion is the rusting of iron. Iron metal is oxidized to Fe 2+ by oxygen. The Fe2+ is then further oxidized to Fe3+ in a hydrated form of Fe O , what we know 2 3 as rust. To undergo these oxidation-reduction reactions, iron must be in contact with oxygen and water. Corrosion of iron can be prevented by coating it with paint or with another metal such as tin or zinc. Coating with paint or with a less readily oxidized metal such as tin protects the iron simply by preventing oxygen and water from reaching the iron surface. If such a coating is damaged and the iron is exposed, corrosion of iron will occur in the exposed area. Some metals create their own sealant by oxidation. Aluminum, for example, oxidizes fairly readily. E = - 1.66 V red 1 Coating iron with a more easily oxidized metal such as zinc, also prevents oxygen and water from reaching the iron surface. But unlike tin, zinc protects the iron even if the zinc coating is damaged. It does so by making the iron serve as the cathode in an voltaic cell. When the zinc coating is damaged and iron is exposed, the zinc itself is oxidized rather than the iron. E = - 0.44 V red E = - 0.76 V red Iron, with the more positive (less negative) E°red is more easily reduced and therefore, less easily oxidized. Zinc will be oxidized, serving as the sacrificial anode. This type of corrosion prevention is called catho