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定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习
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一. 定语从句概念
定语从句 一
(关系代词的用法)
定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词:引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词。
关系词有关系__ _
_ ____, 等;
: 有 __, __ , , ____, __
关系 _ _ : 有 ___, ___, ______等。关系词常有 3 个作用:
① 引导定语从句。② 代替先行词。③ 在定语从句中充当一个成分。
形式意义译法限制性定语从句不用逗号和主句隔开是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除是对先行词的补充说明翻译成先行词的定语
形式
意义
译法
限制性定语从句
不用逗号和主句隔开
是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除是对先行词的补充说明
翻译成先行词的定语,“…的…”
非限制性定语从句
用逗号和主句隔开删除后意思仍完整
通常翻译成主句的并列句
限制性定语从句举例:
(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.
(2) China is a country which has a long history.
非限制性定语从句举例:
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more po werful.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to co llege.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)
(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to c
ollege.
他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥) 二.引导定语从句的关系代词
1. who指 __,在从句中充当__
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
(3) In the meeting I saw Mr. Smith who I met in my birthday party.
2. whom 指_______,在定语从句中充当 ,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意:关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替,可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which 指_ ,在定语从句中做___ 或者_______,做 _时可省略
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that 指人时,相当于 __或者 _ __;指物时,相当于 _ 。在定语从句中做_
或者 ,做_______时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做___ __
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen
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