免疫学-Introduction-to-Immunology--精品英文课件.pptVIP

Properties of adaptive immune response Specificity: one of the most important properties of adaptive immunity is specificity that is fine specific for structurally distinct antigens. The ability to recognize and respond to many different microbes. The basis of specificity is that lymphocytes express clonally distributed receptors for antigens, meaning that the total population of lymphocytes consists of many different clones, and each clone expresses an antigen receptor that is different from the receptors of all other clones. Each antigen elicits an immune response by selecting and activating the lymphocytes of a specific clone. The clonal selection hypothesis. Mature lymphocytes with receptors for many antigens develop before encounter with these antigens. Each antigen selects and activates a preexisting specific clone. Memory: the immune system mounts larger and more effective responses to repeated exposures to the same antigen. That optimizes the ability of the immune system to combat recurrent or persistent infections. Memory is one of the reasons why vaccines confer long-lasting protection against infections. Primary immune response: the response to first exposure to the antigen, which is mediated by na?ve lymphocytes. Secondary immune response: the responses to subsequent exposures to the same antigen. That is the result of activation of memory lymphocytes which are long-lived cells induced in the primary immune response. Cellular and molecular Immunology, 7th edition. 2011 The innate and adaptive immune response Links between innate and adaptive immunity Immune Cells hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) Myeloid progenitor Lymphoid progenitor Granulocytes (eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils) Monocytes, macrophages Dendritic cell Erythrocyte Megakaryocyte T lymphocyte B lymphocyte NK cell Dendritic cell Immune Cells Phagocytic cells Monocytes (blood)/Macrophages (tissues) functions: 1. remove particulate antigens 2. take up, process an