浙江万里学院专业英语期末复习题目.doc

Unit 1 Generalize：to infer from many particulars 概括 Perspective：the way in which a situation or problem is judged so that proper consideration is given to each part 合理观察，视角 Approach：the method used in dealing with or accomplishing 方法 Contingency：a possibility that must be prepared for；a future emergency 可能事件，可能出现的情况 Confrontation：discord or a clash of opinions and ideas 观点或思想的不和或冲撞 Characteristic：a feature that helps to identify ，tell apart，or describe recongnizably；a distinguishing mark or trait 特性 Popularity：the quality or state of being popular ，especially the state of being widely admired ，accepted ，or sought after 普及 Complement：to serve as a complement to 补足 名词解释： Classical approach（to Management）：also called classical school，a body of literature that respresents the earlist attempts to define and describe the field of management。The approach’s main focus is on formally prescribed relationships..its primary means for acquiring knowledge are personal observation and case studies.（管理学）古典（研究）方法 Contingency（or situational）approach （to Management）：an analysis of management that emphasizes the fact that what managers do in practice depends on a given set of circumstances or the “situation”and that there is no single “best way”to manage、 （管理学）权变情景（研究）方法 问题： Q: Why do management analysis and practice require a system approach？give a practical example of this approach A： it views an organization as a group of interrelated parts with a single purpose 翻译： 现代管理学始于20世纪早期，当时正统派的理论家，经济学家和产业工程师提出了经典分析法以增强个人和组织的生产力 。t The modern era of management began early in the 20th century when classical theorists，economists and industrial engineers offered a classical approach to increase the productivity of individuals and organizations. 例如，一种管理理论强调：使员工满意更有助于解决员工流动量大的问题，而不是解决延迟生产问题。 For example ，a management theory that emphasizes employee satisfaction many be more helpful in dealing with a high employee turnover that with delays in production. 例如，严格的计划，清楚的解释工作，集中领导和严密的时间控制都可以提高生