机械设计说明书—大型食品真空冷冻干燥设备的设计.doc

本科毕业设计（论文） 题目：大型食品真空冷冻干燥设备的设计 大型食品真空冷冻干燥设备的设计 摘 要 17417 真空冷冻干燥(Vacuum Freeze-Drying，简称冻干)是将物体冻结到共晶点温度以下，然后在较高的真空条件下通过升华干燥除去物体中水分的一种干燥方法。随着制冷、真空、生物、电子等技术的发展，真空冷冻干燥设备现在已广泛的应用于医学、生物学、药学、农业等领域，目前还应用于分子生物学、基因工程学、新型生物医学、中药新制剂、高品质方便食品、考古学、粉末材料制造等领域。目前对冻干设备性能的研究已引起广泛的兴趣和重视。 本文介绍了ZLG-50型试验用真空冷冻干燥机的工作原理、结构特点、设计计算。ZLG-50型冻干机是冻干分离型。本机具有加热和制冷的功能。能对物料进行干燥。它由干燥箱、水汽凝结器（捕水器）、加热系统、真空系统、制冷系统和电气控制系统六大部件组成。设计的主要部分是干燥箱、水汽凝结器（捕水器）、真空系统和制冷系统。冻干箱中设工件架，工件架上设有搁板，用来搁置冻干的物料。冻干箱工作温度范围20℃~100℃左右。水汽凝结器用来凝结物料升华产生的水汽，用接管和冻干箱相连。制冷循环一般为双级压缩式，制冷系统中涉及热力膨胀阀和电磁截止阀，分别通向干燥仓和捕水器，电磁截止阀相互连锁，一个开启时，两一个关闭状态。真空系统包括冻干箱，捕水器和真空管道，选择真空泵，选罗茨泵为主泵，次级泵为旋叶泵。加热系统，冻干箱的隔板的升温采用加热器对热媒（水)进行直接加热，利用循环泵将热水打入到搁板中进行加热。 关键词：冻干机；性能；结构；设计； Design of Large Food Vacuum Freeze Drying Equipment Abstract Vacuum freeze-drying is a kind of dry method，which is to freeze the object below the eutectic point temperature，then pass the sublimation to obviate the moisture from the object under the condition of higher vacuum. With the development of refrigeration，vacuum，biology，electronics，etc. Now vacuum freeze-drying equipments have already applied to the realms extensively，such as medical science，biology，pharmacy and agriculture，etc.，so far they still apply to the molecular biology，genetic engineering， new biomedical science， new type Chinese herbal medicine，high-quality convenient food，arch ecology and the powder material manufacturing etc. Researches on the function of vacuum freeze-drying equipment have already caused the extensive interest and value. This article describes the ZLG-50 type test with the principle of vacuum freeze-drying machine， structural features, design calculations. ZLG-50 -type freeze dryer is freeze-dried separation type . This machine has a heating and cooling functions. The material can be dried . It consists of drying， water vapor condenser ( water trap )， heating system, vacuum system， cooling system and electrical control system is composed of six parts . The main part of the design is the oven, vapor condenser (