高中英语选修八（人教）课件：Unit 3　Inventors and inventions3.2.pptxVIP

语法指南123过去分词做表语、定语和宾语补足语的用法1.过去分词及过去分词短语做定语(1)过去分词及过去分词短语做定语时,分词所表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生;如果这个动词是及物动词,分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系;如果这个动词是不及物动词,分词所表示的动作与所修饰的名词不构成逻辑上的动宾关系,而只是强调这个动作在谓语动词之前发生。The excited old man could not say a word.=The old man who was excited could not say a word.这位激动的老人一句话也说不出来。There are many fallen leaves on the ground.=There are many leaves which/that have fallen on the ground.地上有很多落叶。 语法指南123(2)单独的过去分词做定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词前;而过去分词短语做定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词后。You should improve your spoken English.你应该提高你的英语口语。He is a teacher respected by all his students.他是一个被所有学生都尊敬的老师。 语法指南1232.过去分词做表语过去分词做表语时总是用在系动词之后,构成系表结构,表示主语所处的状态。She looked disappointed.她看上去很失望。We were encouraged by the news.我们都很受这个消息的鼓舞。这种系表结构和被动结构相同,但后者表示主语所承受的动作。试比较:This lake is badly polluted.这个湖污染严重。(系表结构)This lake is badly polluted by a paper mill.这个湖被一家造纸厂严重污染了。(被动结构) 语法指南123This book is well written.这本书写得很好。(系表结构)This book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。(被动结构) 语法指南1233.过去分词做宾语补足语做宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动词,和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以跟过去分词做宾语补足语的动词有:(1)see,hear,watch,feel,think,find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。I heard my name called when I was walking in the street.当我走在街上时,我听到有人叫我的名字。I found my wallet stolen when I got home.到家时我发现钱包被偷了。(2)make,get,have,leave等表示“致使”意义的动词。You shouldn’t leave your work undone.你不应放着工作不做。 语法指南123(3)like,want,wish,order等表示“希望,要求”意义的动词。He won’t like such questions answered in this way.他不希望这些问题以这种方式被回答。(4)have sth.done这种结构有三种不同的含义。a.表示“请/让/叫别人(为自己做某事)”。这里的“别人”虽然没有在have sth.done结构中明显地说出,但却含有此意,与get相同。I must have this tooth pulled.(=I must let the dentist pull this tooth.)我得把这颗牙拔了。b.表示“遭遇某种(不幸的)事情”,说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为,不说明“谁使(宾语)遭遇某事”。have做“受到,遭到”讲,意义上不等于get。 语法指南123I had my purse stolen on the bus yesterday.(=My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday.)昨天在公共汽车上,我的钱包被偷了。c.表示“完成某事”,这些事可以是别人完成的,也可以是自己参与完成的。He told me he had his house repaired.(=He told me his house was repaired.)他告诉我,他的房子修好了。(他也许参加了)I must have my homework finished before I go out to play.出去玩之前我必须先把作业做完。 语法指南123(5)“with+宾语+过去分词”结构在“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作宾语补足语。此