直接引语变间接引语练习题.docVIP

直接引语变成间接引语 一、定义 直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语。 间接引语：用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。 间接引语的三要素：1）语序2）引导词3）时态（及人称的变化） 间接引语:四种情况 语序: 采用陈述句语序，即： 主+谓+宾+... 引导词 1陈述句 (句号) ----that(可省略)【直接引语是陈述句，变间接引语时，由连词that 引导】 e.g. She said,” I am very happy to be with you.”——She said (that) she was very happy to be with me. 2一般疑问句 (问号) ---- if/whether(…or not) 【直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，由连词if/ whether引导】 e.g. He asked me,” Do you like watching TV?”——He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV. 3特殊疑问句(问号)：直接引语是特殊疑问句，变间接引语时，由相应的连接词who, whom, what, whose, how, when, why, where等引导。 e.g. My sister asked me,” How do you like the play?”—— My sister asked me how I liked the play. 4祈使句/请求----ask/tell sb.(not) to do sth. 【直接引语是祈使句时，其间接引语由:“主语+ ask/tell sb (not) to do sth. +其他”构成】 He said:” Please come here again tomorrow.”——He asked me to go there again the next day. 三、直接引语变为间接引语时，时态变化规则： 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时态，直接引语变间接引语，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时态，从句的时态无需变化。 直接引语转换成间接引语时的时态变化 例句 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时态——一般过去时态 He said:” I’m mad at Maria.” He said (that)he was mad at Maria. 现在进行时态——过去进行时态 He said:” I’m watching TV.” He said (that) he was watching TV.” 一般将来时态——过去将来时态 She said:” I’ll call you tomorrow” She said(that) she would call me the next day.” 现在完成时态——过去完成时态 She said:” I’ve studied English for two years” She said (that) she had studied English for two years” 一般过去时态——过去完成时态 He said:” I came to help your sister.” He said (that) he had come to help my sister.” 过去完成时态不变 He said:” I had finished my homework before supper.” He said he had finished his homework before supper.” 注意：1、从句如果描述的是客观真理、科学理论等则永远用一般现在时态。 2、间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词say要改为ask 3、原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达 直接引语变间接引语人称的变化 一随主，二随宾，三不变 口诀 　　说明 直接引语 间接引语 ?一 随 主 ?引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致 ?She said,“ I like Tennis.” ?She said that she liked tennis ?二 随 宾 ?引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致 ?He said to Lily,“ You must get up early” ?He told Lily that she must get up early ?三 不