手术学总论及无菌术(英文)课件.pptxVIP

General Operative Surgery SurgerySurgery is medical treatment in whichsomeones body is cut open so that a doctor can repair, remove, or replace a diseased or damaged part. Classification of surgery（1）based on the condition emergencyselective operation（ benign tumour ）limited operation （ therioma）rupture of spleen 、3. emergency operation （ trauma） （3） based on the lesion properties and difficultyone-stage operationtwo-stage operationMulti period operation Appearancewound dressing, skin closure, and youCleanNo religiousNo political buttons Opetating Room-OR75% questions about anatomyNever argue with the scrub nurseDo not touch anythingKeep quiet, never runFeel faintFeel swell ASEPSIS ASEPSISHistoryBasic ConceptionMethodsTechnique The Origin Hippocrates(460-377 BC)The Oath of Medicinewounds must be cleaned with wine, boiled wateror clean rain water Koch(1881)GermanHot steamBeginning of sterilization Halsted (1852~1922)The first surgeon professor in Johns HopkinsGlovesThe father of American Surgery BASIC CONCEPTIONAseptic technique－ Aseptic technique is the technique aiming to prevent all kinds of microorganisms from invading the body in the process of medical treatment and nursing care and it also means the technique that prevent germ free articles and environment from contaminated. BASIC CONCEPTIONSterilization－ use of physical procedures or chemical agents to destroy all microbial forms, including bacterial sporesDisinfection－ use of physical procedures or chemical agents to destroy most microbial forms; bacterial spores and other relatively resistant organisms may remain viable SterilizationTotal destruction of all microbes, includingBacterial sporesMycobacteria, TBNonenveloped (nonlipid) virusesFungi DisinfectionDestroying most of the microbial formsBacterial spores and relatively resistant organisms remain viableDisinfectants are subdivided into high-, intermediate-, low- level agents SterilizationPhysical methodsChemical methods SterilizationPhysical methods:Heat