青岛科技大学硕士试题英语综合考试 .pdf

考生答题须知 1.所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的 答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。 2.评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生 自己负责。 3.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答 题不给分。 4.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。 PART I LINGUISTICS (60 points) Section I Define the following terms (20 points) Give the definition of each term in no less than 50 words. 1. interlanguage 2. psycholinguistics 3. communicative competence 4. applied linguistics Section II Essay questions (40 points) Answer each of the following questions in no less than 100 words. 1. Explain Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 2. How do you understand the different levels of arbitrariness in language? 3. What is the referential theory? 4. What are the special features of the structuralist linguistics? PART II TRANSLATION (60 points) Section I Translate the following passage into Chinese (20 points) Wherever you are, and whoever you may be, there is one thing in which you and I are just alike at this moment, and in all the moments of our existence. We a re not at rest; we are on a journey. Our life is a movement, a tendency, a steady, ceaseless progress towards an unseen goal. We are gaining something, or losing something, everyday. Even when our position and our character seem to remain precisely the same, they are changing. For the mere advance of time is a change. It is not the same thing to have a bare field in January and in July. The season makes the difference. The limitations that are childlike in the child are childish in the man. Everything that we do is a step in one direction or another. Even the failure to do something is in itself a deed. It sets us forward or backward. The action of the negative pole of a magnetic needle is just as real as the action of the positive pole. To decline is to accept — the other alternative. Are you nearer to your port today than you were yesterday? Yes,— you must be a little nearer to some port or other; f