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Historians have identified two dominant currents in the
Russian womens movement of the late tsarist period. 1. The passage suggests that socialists within
Bourgeois feminism, so called by its more radical opponents, the Russian womens movement and most
emphasized individualist feminist goals such as access to
education, career opportunities, and legal equality. Socialist bourgeois feminists believed that in Russia
feminists, by contrast, emphasized class, rather than gender, as ▪ (A) women would not achieve economic
the pr ipal source of womens inequality and oppression, and
socialist revolution, not legal reform, as the only road to equality until they had political
emancipation and equality. representation within the ernment
However, despite antagonism between bourgeois feminists ▪ (B) the achievement of larger political
and socialist feminists, the two movements shared certain
underlying beliefs. Both regarded paid labor as the pr ipal aims should take precedence over the
means by which women might attain emancipation: achievement of womens rights
participation in the work ce and economic self-sufficiency,
they believed, would make women socially useful and therefore ▪ (C) the emancipation of women would
deserving of equality with men. Both groups also recognized
the enormous difficulties women faced when they combined ultima y bring about the liberation of
paid labor with motherhood. Infact, at the First All-Russian the entire Russian population from
Womens Congress in 1908, most participants advocated
maternity insurance and paid maternity leave, although the political oppression
intense hostility between some socialists and bourgeois
fem
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