八年级英语语法现在完成时练习题及答案.docxVIP

一、时态讲解：现在完成时 构成：现在完成时由助动词 have +过去分词构成，助动词 have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用 has，其余用 have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上 not、疑问式是把 助动词提到主语之前。以 study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单 回答 形式如下：  否定式  疑问式 I have not (haven t) studied …. You have not (haven t) studied … 否定疑问式简单回答(肯定/否定)Have I not (Haven 否定疑问式 简单回答(肯定/否定) Have I not (Haven t I) Yes, you have. No, you haven studied …? t.  Have I studied …? Have you studied …? Has he studied …? Have Have you not (Haven t you) Yes, I have. No, I haven t. studied …? Has he not (Hasn t he) studied …? 用法:  Y es, he has. No, he has n t. 现在完成时通常表示在 说话之前已经完成的动作 或存在的 状 态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的 My daughter has just gone out. I m sure we ve met before. She has arrived. 她 到 了 。 结果或影响。我女儿刚出去。 我肯定我们以前见过 表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的 表示一段时间的状语连用，女口 recently, already, just, lately, for …,since …,yet 等。如： I haven t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没 有收到她的信。 We haven t seen you recently. They have bee n away for two years. 了。 She has bee n with us since Mon day.  最近我们没有见到你。他们离开已经两年 、/ 「 A I ■ ★注意：  、、八 a) since 和 for 的区别 since 后接时间点， 如 1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for 后接一段时间， 表示“长达多久”，如 ten years, a while, two days 等。 Exercise: 用 since 和 for 填空 Jim has been in Ireland Jill has been in Ireland Monday. three days. His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days. Mary is in her office. She has been there 7 oclock. India has been an independent country 1974. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting 20 minutes. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October. 表示短暂意义的动词如 arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die 等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用， 因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. x The old man has died for 4 mon ths. x They have left only for 5 minutes. x 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has for 4 months. They have only for 5 minutes have (has) been 和 have (has) gone 的区别：表示“曾 到过某地”要用 “have (has) been ” ; 表示“已经去某地”要 用 “have (has) gone ”。试