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Chapter 1 Tension, Compression and Shear Mechanics of Materials1.2 Axial force
Internal forceInternal force is the resultant of internal forces, which is acting mutually between two neighboring parts inside the body, caused by the external forces.
Axial forceAPPPANAPPAxial force: internal force of the rod in axial tension or compression
Sign of Axial Force NPosivitve N: when its direction point to the outward direction of the normal line of the section, also called tensile forceNegtive N: inward, compressive forceN0NNN0NNThe forces with magnitudes 5P、8P、4P and P act respectively at points A、B、C、D of the rod. Their directions are shown in the figure. Try to plot the diagram of the axial force of the rod.Example 1ABCDPAPBPCPDOABCDPAPBPCPDN1
Solution: Determine the internal force N1 in segment OA. Take the free body as shown in the figure.Similarly，we get the internal forces in segment AB、BC、CD. They are respectively N2= –3P N3= 5PN4= PBCDPBPCPDN2CDPCPDN3DPDN4
Solution：The free end of the rod is the origin of the coordinate. Take an arbitrary cross-section x, the external and internal forces on the segment Ox are shown below.Length of the rod shown in the figure is L. Distributed force q = kx is acted on it, direction of the force is shown in the figure. Try to plot the diagram of axial force of the rod.Lq(x)N(x)xq(x)Example 2
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