(1.4.4)--1.4 Mechanical Properties of Mat材料力学材料力学.pptVIP

Chapter 1 Tension, Compression and Shear Mechanics of Materials1.4 Mechanical Properties of Materials The way to determine the mechanical properties of materials is to perform mechanical measurements.Testing instrumentstensile-test machine tensile-test specimenThe dimensions of specimens and the loading methods must be standardized. stress-strain diagram for ductile materialStress-Strain DiagramsThe axial load is measured by a force sensor, and the elongation is measured simultaneously, either by mechanical gages or by electrical-resistance strain gages.nominal stressor engineering stressnominal strainP/Aδ/LSuch a stress-strain diagram is a characteristic of the particular material being tested and conveys important information about the mechanical properties. Structural SteelA: Proportional limitModulus of elasticity is the slope of the straight line OA B: Yield pointYield stressD: Ultimate stressstress-strain diagram for structural steel Aluminum Alloys stress-strain diagram for aluminum alloyyields stress determined by the offset methodPercent elongationPercent reduction in area Brittle Materialsstress-strain diagram for brittle materialExamples are concrete, stone, cast iron, glass, ceramics, and a variety of metallic alloys. Compressionstress-strain diagram of copper under compressionDuctile metals have proportional limits in compression close to those in tension.The behavior is quite different after yielding begins for tension and compression.The stress-strain curves for compression and tension have similar shapes, but the ultimate stresses in compression are much higher. Unlike ductile materials brittle materials actually break at the maximum load. End