(1.4.1)--1.1 Introduction材料力学材料力学.pptVIP

Chapter 1 Tension, Compression and Shear Mechanics of Materials1.1 Introduction Prismatic bar: a straight structural member having the same cross section throughout its length.Axial force: a load directed along the axis of the member, resulting in either tension or compression in the bar. Structural members subjected to axial loads, the tow bar is in tension and the landing gear strut is in compression.Examples Axial deformation Geometry of the solid body: straight, slender member with cross section that is either constant or that changes slowly along the length of the member.Kinematic assumptions: cross sections, which are plane and perpendicular to the axis before deformation, remain plane and remain perpendicular to the axis after deformation. In addition, cross sections do not rotate about the axis. Material behavior: isotropic linear elastic material; small deformations.Equilibrium: the above assumptions reduce the problem to a one-dimensional problem!!Axial deformation Axial tension and compressionDeformation of the rod is mainly elongation or contraction along its axis and companied with lateral reduction or enlargement.The line of action of the resultant external forces is coincided with the axis of the rod.Axial tension: Deformation of the rod is axial elongation and lateral shorteningAxial compression: Deformation of the rod is axial shortening and lateral enlargementCharacteristic of axial deformation Q: Axial deformation, yes/no?F FFQ: Axial deformation, yes/no? Q: Shall we use the centroid of the cross section as the axis of the member and thus as the x-axis of the idealized model? Yes!! End