大连交通大学-软件工程期末考试-大题(第一套).docVIP

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软件工程大题总结

一、三个重要的生命周期模型及各自的优缺点

1.瀑布模型生命周期模型（Waterfalllife-cyclemodel）

Advantage:Disciplinedapproach

Documentdriven

Disadvantage:Deliveredproductmaynotmeetclient’sneeds

2.快速原型生命周期模型（Rapidprototypinglife-cycalmodel）

Advantage:Ensurethatthedeliveredproductmeetstheclient’sneeds

Disadvantage:Notyetprovenbeyondalldoubt

3.螺旋模型生命周期模型（Spirallife-cyclemodel）

Advantage:Riskdriven

Disadvantage:Canbeusedforonlylarge-scale,in-houseproducts

Developershavetobecompetentinriskanalysisandriskresolution

二、用例图和类图

例1.ATM机用例图及类图

Consideranautomatedtellermachine(ATM).Theuserputsacardintoaslotandentersafour-

digitpersonalidentificationnumber(PIN).IfthePINisincorrect,thecardisejected.Otherwise,

theusermayperformthefollowingoperationsonuptofourdifferentbankaccounts:

(i)Depositanyamount.Areceiptisprintedshowingthedate,amountdeposited,andaccountnumber.

(ii)Withdrawupto$200inunitsof$20(theaccountmaynotbeoverdrawn).Inadditiontothemoney,theuserisgivenareceiptshowingthedate,amountwithdrawn,accountnumber,andaccountbalance(余额)afterthewithdrawal.

(iii)Determinetheaccountbalance。Thisisdisplayedonthescreen.

(iv)Tranferfundsbetweentwoaccounts.Again,theaccountfromwhichthefundsaretransferredmustnotbeoverdrawn.Theuserisgivenareceiptshowingthedate,amounttransferred,andthetwoaccountnumbers.

(v)Quit.Thecardisejected.

Explainhowyouwouldensurethatasmanycodeartifactsaspossibletheproduct

canbereusedinfutureproducts.

(1)DrawtheUseCaseDiagram

(2)DrawtheClassDiagram(threerefinements)

1)Thefirsrefinements,wefindthreeclasswhichareuser,ATMandaccount.

2)Thesecondrefinements,wefindthatuserdoesn’tchangewhilethesystemisoperating.

3)Inthethirdrefinement,wefindthatATMalsodoesn’tchangewhilethesystemisoperating.Socatalogisinformationthatr