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ChildrenMustbeTaughttoTellRightfromWrongWilliamKilpatrick

Manyoftoday’syoungpeoplehaveadifficulttimeseeinganymoraldimension(道德层面)totheiractions.Thereareanumberofreasonswhythat’strue,butnonemorepromi nentthanafailedsystemofeducationthateschews(回避)teachingchildrenthetraditionalmoralvaluesthatbindAmericanstogetherasasocietyandaculture.Thatfailedapproach,called“decision-making,”wasintroducedinschools25yearsago.Ittellschildrentodecideforthemselveswhatisrightandwhatiswrong.Itreplaced“charactereducation.(品格教育)”Charactereducationdidn’taskchildrentoreinventthemoralwheel(浪费时间重新发明早已存在的道德标准);instead,itencouragedthemtopracticehabitsofcourage,justiceandself-control.

Inthe1940s,whenacharactereducationapproachprevailed,teachersworriedaboutstudentschewinggum;todaytheyworryaboutrobberyandrape.

Decision-makingcurriculumsposethorny(棘手的)ethicaldilemmastostudents,leavingthemwiththe

impressionthatallmoralityisproblematicandthatallquestionsofrightandwrongareindispute.Youngstersareforcedtoquestionvaluesandvirtuesthey’veneveracquiredinthefirstplaceoruponwhichtheyhaveonlyatenuous(薄弱的)hold.Theassumptionbehindthismethodisthatstudentswillarriveatgoodmoralconclusionsifonlytheyaregiventhechance.Buttheactualresultismoralconfusion.

Forexample,arecentnationalstudyof1,700sixth-toninth-gradersrevealedthatamajorityofboysconsideredrapetobeacceptableundercertainconditions.Astoundingly,manyofthegirlsagreed.

Thiskindofmoralilliteracyisfurtherencouragedbyvalues-education(价值观教育)programsthatarelittle

morethancoursesinself-esteem(自尊).Theseprogramsarebasedonthequestionableassumptionthatachildwhofeelsgoodabouthimselforherselfwon’twanttodoanythingwrong.Butitisjustasreasonabletomakeanoppositeassumpt