手术前后病人的护理.docVIP

手术前后病人的护理

麻醉分类

1.全身麻醉:使用麻醉药使病人中枢神经系统功能暂时受到抑制而产

生麻醉状态.分为将全麻药通过口鼻种形式.常见并发症:恶心呕吐,

窒息,麻醉过敏,麻醉意外,呼吸道梗阻,低氧血症,低血压,高血压(最

常见),心律失常和心搏骤停.

2.椎管内麻醉:俗称半身麻醉.将药物注入蛛网膜下腔或硬膜外腔,暂

时麻醉通往手术部位的神经,起到镇痛的效果.麻醉后病人处于清

醒状态,甚至可以感觉到医生正在进行手术.

3.局部麻醉:将药物注射到切口周围或喷在粘膜表面,暂时阻断身体

某一区域的神经,具有简单易行,安全性大,起效快,药效消失迅速,副

作用小的特点.

4.针刺麻醉

5.复合麻醉

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