参考学习 中学课件材料分析方法035Image Simulation.pdfVIP

30

ImageSimulation

CHAPTERPREVIEW

Whenweneedtoobtaininformationaboutthespecimenintwodirections,weneedtoalign

thespecimenclosetoalow-indexzoneaxis.IftheHRTEMimageinformationisgoingtobe

directlyinterpretable,thespecimenmustbeorientedwiththeincidentbeamexactlyaligned

withboththeopticaxisoftheTEMandthezoneaxisofthespecimen.Thus,wewillhave

manyreflectionsexcitedandthesimpletwo-beamanalysisofChapter27cannotbeused.

Amethodformodelingthecontrastofimagesobtainedundertheseconditionswas

developedbyCowley,Moodie,andtheirco-workers,principallyatMelbourneandArizona

StateUniversity(ASU),inaseriesofclassicpapersbeginningwiththatbyCowleyand

Moodiein1957.Fortunately,thegrowinginterestinHRTEMhascoincidedwiththe

availabilityofincreasinglypowerfulcomputerswhichcanhandletheextensivecalculations.

Thereareseveralsoftwarepackagesavailablecommercially,sothereislittlereasonfor

mostuserstore-inventthewheel.However,thedifferentpackagesdonotnecessarily

performthecalculationsinthesameway:onemaybemoreappropriateforyourapplication

thanothers.Sincethesepackagesessentiallyoperateas‘blackboxes’itisalsoreassuringto

simulateimagesfromthesamestructureusingdifferentpackages(unlesstheydon’tgivethe

sameanswers).

Onepointtokeepinmindasyouworkthroughtheliteratureisthatthissubjectalready

hasalotofhistory.Wewillpointoutsomeo