系统发育学理解发现物种关系基本原则所有生命都由一个共教程.pdfVIP

Phylogics

Understandinganddiscovering

species’relationships

Basicphylogicts

•Alllifeisrelatedbyasinglecommonancestor

•Alldiversityarosethroughlineagesdiverging

overgenerations

•Phylogic(i.e.genealogical)relationships

canbediscoveredthrough(indirect)evidence

Haeckel(1874)

G.G.Simpson

USA

1902-

Simpson’sevolutionofhorseswithancestorsnamed(1951).

Phylogicsystematics

•Ancestors:uknowable

(eveninfossils)

•Degreesofcommon

ancestryaremore

important

WilliHennig•Emphasised

Germanymonophyleticgroups

(1913-1976)andsistergroup

relationships

Phylogicsystematics

Searchingforsistergrouprelationships

SpeciesASpeciesC

SpeciesBSpeciesASpeciesC

SpeciesB

ThephylogenyThecladogram

(aphylogictree)

Phylogicsystematics

Searchingforsistergrouprelationships

SpeciesAandCaresistertaxa…

SpeciesBSpeciesASpeciesC

…becausetheysha