多媒体系统应用图像压缩jpeg ustc1503.pdfVIP

MultimediaSystemsand

Applications

ImageCompression-JPEG

JamesWang

Drawnfrom“FundamentalsofMultimedia,Ze-NianLi,MarkS,Drew

OverviewofJPEG

WhatisJPEG?

JointPhotographicExpertGroup.Voted

asinternationalstandardin1992.

Workswithcolourandgreyscaleimages,

e.g.,salite,medical,...

Motivation

Thecompressionratiooflosslessmethods(e.g.,Huffman,

Arithmetic,LZW)isnothighenoughforimageand

compression,especiallywhenthedistributionofpixel

valuesisrelativelyflat.

JPEGusestransformcoding,itislargelybasedonthe

followingobservations:

Observation1:Alargemajorityofusefulimagecontentschange

relativelyslowlyacrossimages,i.e.,itisunusualforintensity

valuestoalterupanddownseveraltimesinasmallarea,for

example,withinan8x8imageblock.Translatethisintothe

spatialfrequency,itsaysthat,generally,lowerspatial

frequencycomponentscontainmoreinformationthanthehigh

frequencycomponentswhichoftencorrespondtolessuseful

detailsandnoises.

Observation2:Psychophysicalexperimentssuggestthathumans

aremorereceptivetolossofhigherspatialfrequency

componentsthanlossoflowerfrequencycomponents.

JPEGEncoding

JPEGDecoding

HowtodecodetheJPEGPictures?

ReversetheProcess!

i.e.Theflowarrowwillpointbackwards

Thiswillimplythatthetransformfunction

needstohaveanequivalentinverse.

ImageCompressionProcess

ThereareFOUR(4)modes:

LossysequentialDCT(supportedbyall)

ExtendedlossyDCT(furtherenhancements)

Losslessmode

Hierarchicalmode

Thebaselineprocesstakesthefollowing

techniques:Block,MCU,FDCT,RLEand

Huffman.Weshalldiscussthedetailslater.