语法第一章语法层次课件.ppt

导论—语法层次词素Morphemep3词Wordp4-p8词组Phrasep9分句Clausep10句子Sentencep11

词素Morpheme

词Word简单词SimpleWord派生词Derivativep5复合词CompoundWord封闭词类FunctionWord开放词类ContentWordstopcomehidesummertimenickname介Pre代Pro限Det连Conj助Aux名n.形Adj副Adv主动词（mainword）

派生词Derivative派生词是由词根加派生词缀构成，否定、相反、贬低、相背、程度、时间、方位等。否前相反方式unnonindisundediscountermiscounfaire uncovermisunderstand nonviolentdecreasecooperateinexpensive discover dislike counteract(起反作用）

词缀相背 程度或大小方位前缀pro-anti- super-over- inter-sub-pro-Chinese supermarkertinternationalpro-Japanese superstar inter-American时间前缀pre-fore-post-previewforecastpostwar

词缀词性变化be-en-em-a-littleadj.小的，adv.几乎没有的belittlev.轻视，小看ableadj.有能力的enablevt.使有能力bodyn.身体embodyvt.使具体化sleepn.睡眠，vi.睡觉asleepadvadj睡着（的）动变名-ation-ment-al-ee-er-or-agepropose-proposaldrain排水-drainage排水法形变名-ness-ity-ism-ist名形变动-ify-ize-enbeautifymodernizewiden

词缀名变形-y-ish-esque（表示...样式的，有...性质的）-some-oushair-hairypicture-picturesque似画的，自然的动变名-ychew-chewy变词义不变词性-ster-hood-ism-dom-ful-er...ectgang一群歹徒--gangster

词组名词词组限定词+前置修饰语+名词+后知修饰语collegestudent动词词组助动词+助动词havetoldhavedonegotodo形容词词组修饰语+形容词+后置修饰语prettydifficult副词词组修饰语+副词+后置修饰语clearlyloudlylaugh介词词组修饰语+介词+补足成分frombooksincebefore

分句独立句IndependentClause从属分句DependentClause简单句SimpleClause复杂句ComplexClause主句MainClause分句Subordinate限定分句FiniteClause非限定分句Non-FiniteClause无动词分句VerblessClause

句子完全句FullSentence不完全句MinorSentence简单句SimpleSentence并列句CompoundSentence复杂句ComplexSentence并列复杂句Compound-ComplexSentence

ThefirsttimeIleftwastomeetafriendforlunch.AndwhenIwalkedin,shewasalreadyatthetable.AndIsatdown,andshesaid,God,youlooklikehell.Isaid,Thanks.Ifeelreally