AP微积分AP Calculus 公式大全217.docx

APCalculusBC

I.

I. Limit

Importantlimits

limsinx

?1, limsinax?a

x?0 x

x?0

bx b

lim?1?1?x?e?lim?1?t?1?e

? ?

xx??? ?

x

t

t?0

lim mP(x)

lim m

P(x)

x??Q(x)

n

?lim m

ax ?a

m

m1

?

x ?

m?

1

ax?a ??a

?

1

?

m,

m?n

x??

bxn?b

n

n?1

xn?1?

bx?b

0

1

0

?b

?

??,

n

m?n

1. L’Hopital’sRule洛必达法则(

0

0

/

?

?

/ 0??/ 0?/ ?0)

Giventwodifferentiablefunctions

f(x)andg(x),

limf(x)?limg(x)?0,then limf(x)?limf(x).

x?a x?a

x?ag(x) x?ag(x)

limf(x)?limg(x)??,then limf(x)?limf(x).

x?a x?a

x?ag(x) x?ag(x)

Derivative

BasicFormulas

(C)??0（Cisaconstant）

(2) (xn)??nxn?1

(3) (ex)??ex；(ax)??axlna(a?0,a?1)

(4)

(lnx)??1；(log

x

(sinx)?cosx

a

x)??

1

xlna

(5)

(a?0,a?1)

(cosx)??sinx

(tanx)?sec2x (cot)??csc2x

(secx)?secxtanx (cscx)??cscxcotx

1?x21?x2(6) (arcsinx)?

1?x2

1?x2

(arctanx)?

1 (arcotx)??

1?x2

1

1?x2

x x2?1x x2?1(arcsecx)? 1 (

x x2?1

x x2?1

Rules

（1）Iff(x)，g(x)aredifferential，

a. (f(x)?g(x))??f?(x)?g?(x)；

b. (f(x)g(x))??f?(x)g(x)?f(x)g?(x)，especially，(Cf(x))??Cf?(x)（Cisaconstant）；

c. (f(x))??

g(x)

f?(x)g(x)?f(x)g?(x),(g(x)?0)，especially，(

g2(x)

1

g(x)

)???

g?(x)。

g2(x)

ChainRule y?f[g(x)]?dy?

dy?du

ImplicitDifferentiation

Inversefunction dy

dx du dx

dx?dxdy

dx

?

dx

dy

f?1(x)| ?

dx x?a

f(b)

where f?1(a)?b，thatis f(b)?a

(5)Parametricfunction

dy

dx

?

dy

dtdx

dt

d ?dy?

and

d2y

dx2

?

dt?dx?

dx

dt

?

?

(6)Polarfunction

dy?f(?)sin??rcos?

dx

f(?)cos??rsin?

(7)Vector

? ?

r(t)??f(t),g(t)?

ApplicationsofDerivative

MeanValueTheorem

Given f(x) isdifferentiable，f(c)?

Tangentandnormal

f(b)?f(a)

b?a

,wherec?(a,b).

Slopeoftangent?Slopeofnormal??1

Linearization:

f(x)?L(x)?f(a)?f(a)(x?a).

(3)Propertiesofcurves

Signof f

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