Legacy GPS signals分析和总结分析和总结.docx

LegacyGPSsignals

LegacyGPSsignals

TheoriginalGPSdesigncontainstworangingcodes:theCoarse/Acquisition(C/A)code,whichisfreelyavailabletothepublic,andtherestrictedPrecision(P)code,usuallyreservedformilitaryapplications.

Coarse/Acquisitioncode

TheC/Acodeisa1,023bitdeterministicsequencecalledpseudorandom

noise(alsopseudorandombinarysequence)(PNorPRNcode)which,whentransmittedat

1.023megabitspersecond(Mbit/s),repeatseverymillisecond.Thesesequencesonlymatchup,orstronglycorrelate,whentheyareexactlyaligned.EachsatellitetransmitsauniquePRNcode,whichdoesnotcorrelatewellwithanyothersatellitesPRNcode.Inotherwords,thePRNcodesarehighlyorthogonaltooneanother.Thisisaformofcodedivisionmultipleaccess(CDMA),whichallowsthereceivertorecognizemultiplesatellitesonthesamefrequency.

Precisioncode

TheP-codeisalsoaPRN;however,eachsatellitesP-codePRNcodeis6.1871×1012bitslong(6,187,100,000,000bits,~720.213gigabytes)andonlyrepeatsonceaweek(itistransmittedat10.23Mbit/s).TheextremelengthoftheP-codeincreasesitscorrelationgainandeliminatesanyrangeambiguitywithintheSolarSystem.However,thecodeissolongandcomplexitwasbelievedthatareceivercouldnotdirectlyacquireandsynchronizewiththissignalalone.ItwasexpectedthatthereceiverwouldfirstlockontotherelativelysimpleC/Acodeandthen,afterobtainingthecurrenttimeandapproximateposition,synchronizewiththeP-code.

WhereastheC/APRNsareuniqueforeachsatellite,theP-codePRNisactuallyasmallsegmentofamasterP-codeapproximately2.35×1014bitsinlength(235,000,000,000,000bits,~26.716terabytes)andeachsatelliterepeatedlytransmitsitsassignedsegmentofthemastercode.

Topreventunauthorizedusersfromusingorpotentiallyinterferingwiththemilitarysignalthroughaprocesscalledspoofing,itwasdecidedtoencryptt