英语语言学五省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖PPT课件.pptxVIP

Chapter5Meaning1/15ThesubjectconcerningthestudyofmeaningiscalledSEMANTICS.Morespecifically,semanticsisthestudyofthemeaningoflinguisticunits,wordsandsentencesinparticular.研究意义学科叫做语义学。更详细地说，语义学是研究语言单位意义，尤其是词和句子意义学科。2/15Meaninghasbeenstudiedforthousandsofyearsbyphilosophers,logiciansandlinguists.E.g.PlatoLaoZi.3/155.1Meaningsof“meaning”OnedifficultyinthestudyofMEANINGisthattheword“meaning”itselfhasdifferentmeanings.e.g.Whatisthemeaningoflife?4/15GeoffreyLeech(1974,1981).Semantics:TheStudyofMeaning.Seventypesofmeaning:Conceptualmeaning（概念意义）Connotativemeaning（内涵意义）Socialmeaning（社会意义）Affectivemeaning（感情意义）Reflectedmeaning（反射意义）Collocativemeaning（搭配意义）Thematicmeaning（主位意义）AssociativeMeaning（联想意义）5/151)Conceptualmeaning——centralpartofmeaningItis“denotative”inthatitisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenawordandthethingitdenotes,orrefersto.Inthissense,conceptualmeaningoverlapstoalargeextentwiththenotionofREFERENCE这种意义是“外延”，因为它关注词语跟它所指示物之间联络。从这点看，概念意义在很大程度上与指称相重合6/15(2)ConnotativemeaningPhilosophersuseCONNOTATION,oppositetoDENOTATION,tomeanthepropertiesoftheentityaworddenotes.哲学家“内涵”跟“外延”相对，表示词语所指称实体性质。7/15(3)Fromconnotativemeaningtocollocativemeaningarecollectivelyknownasassociativemeaninginthesensethatanelementaryassociationisttheoryofmentalconnectionsisenoughtoexplaintheiruse.内涵意义到搭配意义合起来称作联想意义，因为解释这些意义需要依靠一个关于思维关系基本联想理论。8/15(4)Thematicmeaningismoreperipheralsinceitisonlydeterminedbytheorderofthewordsinasentenceandthedifferentprominencetheyeachreceive.主位意义是更外围，因为它是由词序和词语重音所决定。9/155.2ThereferentialtheoryThetheoryofmeaningwhichrelatesthemeaningofawordtothethingitrefersto,orstandsfor,isknownastheREFERENTIALTHEORY,whichisaverypopulartheory.Itisgenerallypossibletoexplainthemeaningofawordbypointingtothethingi