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语言学_Chapter4_Syntax知识点
TeachingObjectiveCriticalThinkingPresentandSolveProblemsUnderstandMacroscopicallyStudyofsentencefromdifferentperspectivesUnderstandMicroscopicallyChomsky:Generativeapproach
第四章句法学句子是由什么构成的?人们是如何产生和理解句子的?句子在语法系统中处于什么样的地位?构成句子的成分(如,短语、词)是如何构成的?不同的句子类型是如何产生的?以上问题是否可以通过形式分析来描述?是否可以用一些普遍的规则概括句子的结构?形式主义对句子结构描述:简单的操作、雅致的描写、严格、清晰的逻辑。
Syntaxreferstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguageorsimply,thestudyoftheformationofsentences.Moreversions,
Syntaxisthestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaysdifferentconstituentsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orthestudyoftheinterrelationshipsbetweenelementsinsentencestructures.
Whatissyntax?Whatistherelationshipbetweensyntax,morphologyandphonology?
ThewrittensystemoflanguageSentencesyntaxClausesyntaxPhrasesyntaxWordmorphology
ExlesI?think?that?that?that?that?that?student?wrote?on?the?blackboard?was?wrong.?Imetaman(whohadason(whosewifesoldcookies(thatshehadbakedinherkitchen(thatwasfullyequippedwithelectricalappliances(thatwerenew).))))?
Ithink(thatthatthat[thatthatstudentwroteontheblackboard]iswrong).
ApproachestothestudyofsentencesThetraditionalapproachThestructuralapproachThegenerativeapproachThefunctionalapproach
SentenceRule-governedsentenceformationTraditionalapproachWordStructuralapproachGenerativeapproachFunctionalapproach
Thetraditionalapproachtakesasentenceas(1)(句子观)asequenceofwords.(2)(研究视角)Itstudiessentenceformationbystudyingwordsintermsofcategories(范畴)andtheirinterrelationships.Traditionalapproach数、性、格、时、体、态一致、支配
Sentence:traditionalapproach simpleSentence complex复合句 non-simple compound并列句
Thestructuralapproachregard
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