主要英语国家概况chapter-4.pptVIP

Chapter4TheUKEconomy

KeypointsAbsolutedeclineandrelativedeclineRecenthistoryThecurrentUKeconomyTheUKEconomyin2009UKEconomicForecast

AbsoluteDeclineandRelativeDeclineBythe1880s,theBritisheconomywasdominantintheworld,producingonethirdoftheworld’smanufacturedgoods,halfitscoalandiron,andhalfitscotton.Butby1900,theUKhasbeenovertakenbyboththeUnitedStatesandGermany.

BeforeWWIIBritisheconomybecamedominant(占支配地位的)intheworld.——colonisation——industrialrevolutionQuestion:WhatmadeBritisheconomybecamedominantintheworld?

Thefactoryoftheworld(theworkshopoftheworld)a.1/3oftheworld’smanufacturedgoods.b.producedhalfitscoalandiron;halfitscottonc.shippingamountgreaterthanthatoftherestoftheworldputtogetherHowever,since1900,especiallyaftercivilWWII,Britainnotonlygaveupitseconomichegemony(霸权)butalsolostitsindustrialleadership.

?From1900to1945(thePre-warera)onlysecondtotheU.S.?intheinternationaleconomy,?thisindicatedsomesortofdecline.a.havingbeenovertakenbytheU.S.andGermanyb.remainsoneoftheGroupof7largeindustrialeconomiesc.steadyeconomicgrowthandrapidlyincreasinglivingstandards

From1945untilthepresent,thestoryoftheUKeconomyisusuallythoughtofasoneofdecline.Question:Isthisstatementtrue?Whatarethereasonsfordescribingthisperiodasoneofdecline?

TheReasonsfortheRelativeDeclineofUKEconomyFirst:AfterWorldWarII,theUKhadgoneheavilyintodebtinordertofinancethewar,sellingmanyofitsaccumulatedoverseasassets,andborrowinglargeamountsfromtheUSandCanada.Second,theeraofempirewasover.theindependenceofitscoloniesmakesBritainlosebigmarketsforBritishgoods,andtheindependentcoloniesstoppedprovidingrawmaterialstotheUK,leavingBritainasjustamedium-sizeEuropeancountry.

Third,Britainspenta