中考定语从句.docxVIP

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定语从句

在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词(人称代词/不定代词)的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的连词叫关系词（分为关系代词/关系副词）。

关系代词有五个：that,which,who,whom,whose

关系副词有三个：where,when,why

=1\*ROMANI.关系词用法：

先行项

关系词

例句

说明

关系代词

人/物

that

Themanthatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.

Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.

1.关系词在从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语可省略。

2.that虽然可以指人也可指物，但多用于指物。

物

which

Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.

Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.

1.关系词在从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语可省略

2.指物时which/that都可以，但多用that

人

who/

whom

ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.

Whoistheteacher(whom/who)LiMingistalkingto?

1.who用作主语或宾语,whom只用作宾语（可省略）

2.指人时虽然也可以用that,但多用who

关系限定词

人/物

whose

Thewomanwhosehairislongismymother.

=Thewomanofwhomthehairislongismymother.

Thebookwhosecoverisgreenismine.

=Thebookofwhichthecoverisgreenismine.

1.关系词在定语从句中作定语

2.先行词与定语从句的主语有所属关系,

3.先行词为抽象名词/具体事物whose+n.=ofwhichthe+n./then.+ofwhich；先行词为人，whose+n.=ofwhomthe+n./then.+ofwhom

关系副词

地点

where

Thisistheplacewhereheworks.

=Thisistheplaceatwhichheworks.

关系词在句中作地点状语

where=介词(at/in/on)+which

时间

when

Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.

=Thiswasthetimeatwhichhearrived.

1.关系词在句中作时间状语

when=介词(at/in/on)+which

2.先行词是time(次数)时，关系词为that,且可省略。

reason

why

Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool

=Nobodyknowsthereasonforwhichheisoftenlateforschool.

关系词在从句中起原因状语作用,why=forwhich

注

=1\*ROMANI.先行词为物，但关系词只用that,不使用which的情况：

当先行词是不定代词all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、theone时，如：

Allthatshelackedwastraining.

Doyouhaveeverythingthatyouneed?

当先行词前有下列修饰词时much,little,none,all,few,every,any,no，thevery,theonly,thesame,如：

ThisistheonlyexamplethatIknow.

先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last,next)时，如：

ThisisthebestdictionarythatI’veeverused.

Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddoisworkingoutanewway.

当先行词是who,或主句是由who/which开头的特殊疑问句时，如：

Whoist