学术规范和论文写作- 附录 10.1.1 引用-麻省理工学院（MIT）常识（公识）辨别规则.pdf

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Whatis

CommonKnowledge?

Youmayhaveheardpeoplesaythatyoudonothavetociteyoursourcewhentheinformationyou

includeis“commonknowledge.”Butwhatiscommonknowledge?

Broadlyspeaking,commonknowledgereferstoinformationthattheaverage,educatedreaderwould

acceptasreliablewithouthavingtolookitup.

Thisincludes:

Informationthatmostpeopleknow,suchasthatwaterfreezesat32degreesFahrenheitorthat

BarackObamawasthefirstAmericanofmixedracetobeelectedpresident.

Informationsharedbyaculturalornationalgroup,suchasthenamesoffamousheroesorevents

inthenation’shistorythatarerememberedandcelebrated.

Knowledgesharedbymembersofacertainfield,suchasthefactthatthenecessaryconditionfor

diffractionofradiationofwavelengthfromacrystallinesolidisgivenbyBragg’slaw.

However,whatmaybecommonknowledgeinoneculture,nation,academicdisciplineorpeergroup

maynotbecommonknowledgeinanother.

Tohelpyoudecidewhetherinformationcanbeconsideredcommonknowledge,askyourself:

•Whoismyaudience?

•WhatcanIassumetheyalreadyknow?

•WillIbeaskedwhereIobtainedmyinformation?

Someexamples:

AdescriptionofthesymptomsofAsperger’sSyndromewouldneedtobecitedforacomposition

inageneralwritingclassbutprobablynotneedcitationforanaudienceofgraduatestudentsin

psychology.

Areferencetothepracticeoffairvalueaccountingwouldbeunderstoodbyagroupof

economists,butwouldneedcitationtoanaudienceofnon-experts.

Astatementreportingthat24%ofchildrenundertheage

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