病毒遗传与变异-英文-viral-genetics.pptVIP

Viralgenetics

OutlineMutationsInteractionsbetweenvirusesGenetherapyrecombinantvaccines

I.MutationsChangesinnucleicacids:BasesubstitutionDeletionInsertionFrameshiftFactorscausingmutations:SpontaneousmutationPhysicalandchemical

II.InteractionsbetweenvirusesWhentwogeneticallydistinctvirusesinfectacell,threephenomenacanoccur.RecombinationComplementationPhenotypicmixing

1.RecombinationNucleotidesequencesareexchangedbetweentwosimilaroridenticalmoleculesof?nucleicacids.

ReassortmentViruseswithsegmentedgenomes,exchangesegments.Higherfrequenciesofgeneexchangethenrecombination

2.ComplementationAdefectivevirusandahelpervirusTwodefectiveviruses,whichhavemutationsindifferentgenes.

3.Phenotypicmixing

PhenotypechangesAntigenicmutantsVirulencemutantsHost-rangemutantDrug-resistantmutantsConditionallethalmutationsDefectiveinterferingparticles

1.Antigenicmutants

2.VirulencemutantsMorevirulent:HighermorbidityandmortalityLessvirulent:Attenuatedlivevaccine

3.Host-rangemutant

4.Drug-resistantmutants

5.ConditionallethalmutationsTemperature-sensitiveconditionallethalmutantsAtalow(permissive)temperature,phenotypenormalAtahigher(restrictive)temperature,geneproductisinactive.

6.DefectiveinterferingparticlesDefective,cannotreplicateunlessthedeletedfunctionissuppliedbya“helper”virus.Interferewiththegrowthofnormalvirus.