微生物学微生物学 (57).docVIP

0:14

Hieveryone,inthissection,wewilltalkaboutimmunologicalmethodsandtheirapplication.

0:25

Afterwatchingthisvideo,youshouldbeabletotellseveralclassicimmunologicalmethodsandtheirapplication.

0:41

Immunologicalmethodreferstoamethodologydevelopedonthebasisofreactionbetweenantigenandantibody.Itiswidelyusedindiagnosisofdiseases,forensicexaminationetc.

Reactionsbetweenantigenandantibodyusuallyfollowagenerallaw,whichhasfivecharacteristics:

1:20

Firstly,specific,itmeanstheconfigurationofanantigenicdeterminantsiteisspecifictoanantibody;thebindbetweenthemisspecific.Secondly,reversible,itmeansthebindbetweenantigenandantibodycanbereversedonsomeconditionssincethebindisaphysicalprocess.Thirdly,comparable,itmeansonlywhentheratiobetweenantigenandantibodyisappropriate,thereactionbetweenthemcanbecaused.Fourthly,obviousdifferentphases,generallyreactionbetweenantigenandantibodyhastwophases,infirstphase,reactionisnon-detectable,andusuallyitisveryshort.Insecondphase,thereactionlastlong(varyingfromseveralminutestoseveraldays).Fifthly,conditiondependent,theoptimalconditionforreactionusuallyis:pH6-8,temperature:37-45℃.

3:22

Onthenext,Iwouldliketointroducefourclassicreactionsbetweenantigenandantibody.Thefirstone,Agglutination,itreferstothatantigenbindwithantibodyresultinginanobservableagglutination.Secondone,precipitation,itreferstothereactionbetweenantigenandantibodywouldresultinprecipitation,whichisobservable.Thethirdone,complementfixationtest,itisusedtodetectthepresenceofspecificantibodiesinthepatient’sserum,thistestisbasedontheuseofcomplement,whichwouldbeactivatedwhenthereisformationofantigen-antibodycomplex.Thefourthoneis,neutralizationtest,itreferstothereactionthatspecificantibodyinhibitwithcorres