微生物学微生物学 (52).docVIP

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Hieveryone,inthissection,wewilltalkaboutmicrobesandnutrientscycling.

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Afterwatchingthisvideo,youshouldbeabletofirstlyunderstandtheconceptofbiogeochemicalcycle,andsecondlybrieflytellthecyclingprocessofcarbon,nitrogen,sulfurandphosphorus.

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Let’stakealookattheconceptofbiogeochemicalcycle.Inecology,abiogeochemicalcycleorsubstanceturnoverorcyclingofsubstancesisapathwaybywhichachemicalsubstancemovesthroughbioticandabioticcompartmentsofEarth.Microorganismsplayimportantroleinthisbiogeochemicalcycle.

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Onthenext,Iwouldliketointroducethecyclingprocessofcarbon,nitrogen,sulfur,andphosphorus,respectively.Firstly,let’stakelookattheCarboncycle.PlantandsomephotosyntheticbacteriacantransformCO2intocarbohydratesbyutilizingsolarenergy;thephotosyntheticproductscanbefurtherutilizedbyconsumerssuchasanimalsandhuman.Theconsumerscanassimilatethecarbohydratesandotherorganicmattersfromtheirfood.Incarboncycle,many?bacteria?andsome?fungiplayasdecomposers.?Justlikeanimals,decomposersbreakdownthechemicalbondsintheirfoodmolecules.Theycreatemanychemicalproducts,includingCO2.

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Nitrogencycleisextremelyimportantinnature,duetoits’importancetobiosphere.

Thereareseveralimportantprocessesinnitrogencycle,herein,webrieflyintroducetheseprocesses.

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Biologicalnitrogenfixation,itreferstotheabilitytofixnitrogenisfoundonlyincertainbacteria,whichusuallyliveinasymbioticrelationshipwithplants.Nitrification,itreferstotheoxidation(asbybacteria)ofammoniumsaltstonitritesandthefurtheroxidationofnitritestonitrates.Ammonification,theprocessofammonificationconvertsorganicnitrogen,whichisthewaynitrogeniscontainedincompoundsinlivingorganisms,intoinorganicammonia(NH3)orammoniumions(NH4+).Assimilationofammonium,itrefersto