微生物学微生物学 (47).docVIP

Hi,everyone,inthissectionwewilltalkaboutmutationandbreeding.

00:25

Afterwatchingthisvideo,youshouldbeabletotellfirstly,thecharacteristicsofmutation;andsecondly,summarizetheexperimentsthatcanprovemutationisspontaneous.

00:50

A?mutation?isthepermanentalterationofthe?nucleotidesequence?ofthe?genome?ofan?organism,?virus,or?extrachromosomalDNA?orothergeneticelements.

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Genemutationandchromosomalaberrationaretwoimportanttypesofmutation.

Pleaselookatthepictureonthescreen,genemutationusuallyoccursduringDNAreplicationasthispictureshows.

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Thenextpictureshowschromosomalaberration,itreferstolargefragmentchangeinchromosome.Mutationcouldleadtothechangeofcodon,andfurtherthefunctionofencodedprotein.

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Here,Iwouldliketopointouttwoimportantdefinitions,oneiswildtypestrain,andanotherismutation.Wildtypestrainreferstothe?phenotype?ofthetypicalformofa?strain?asitoccursinnature.A?mutant?isanorganismoranewgeneticcharacterarisingorresultingfromaninstanceof?mutation.Asweknowthenatureofmutation,wecoulddeducethattosomeextentthefunctionofmutantwouldbedifferentfromthatofwildtypestrain.

2:53

Onthenext,let’stakealookatthecharacteristicsofmutation,firstly,Spontaneous,thismeansthegenetictraitcouldmutatespontaneously;secondly,irrelevance,itmeansthereisnorelevancebetweenthemutantcharacterandthecausesofthemutation;thirdly,rare,usuallytheprobabilityofspontaneousmutationisaboutoneinamilliontooneinabillion;fourthly,independent,itmeansthemutationrateforonegeneisindependentofthemutationrateforanothergene;fifthly,inducible,itmeansthemutationcouldbeinducedbymutagen;sixthly,stable,itmeansthenewgenetictraitsarestableaftergenemutation;sevently,reversible,itmeanscertaintraitofwildtypestraincouldoccurforwardmu