微生物学微生物学 (44).docVIP

0:14

Hello,everyone,inthissection,wewilltalkaboutassociationbetweenmicrobesandplantgrowth.

0:26

Afterwatchingthisvideo,youshouldbeabletotelltheassociationbetweenmicrobesandplantgrowth.

0:40

Plantsarecolonizedbydiversemicroorganisms,whichmaypositivelyornegativelyinfluencetheplantgrowth.Thepositiveimpactincludesnutritionacquisition,improvingresistancetobioticandabioticstresses,whileplantpathogenicbacteriacancausediseases.Inthissection,wewillfocusonfirstlyrhizospheremicrobes,andsecondlyplantdiseases.

1:30

Pleaselookatthepictureonthescreen.Rootwhichusuallygrowsinsoilisaveryimportantorganforacquisitionofwaterandnutritiontosustainnormalplantgrowth.Therhizosphereisthepartofthesoildirectlyinfluencedbytherootsystem.Therhizospherecontainsmanybacteriaandothermicroorganismsthatfeedonsloughed-offplantcells,andtheproteinsandsugarsreleasedbyroots.Rhizospheremicrobialactivitieswouldhaveafeedbackonrootandabovegroundplantgrowth.Itcanbeexpectedthattheinteractionsbetweenorganismswithinrhizospherecanbeverycomplex.Usually,thepatternofmicrobialpopulationwithinrhizosphereshowsanapparentdifferencewiththatinsoil.

2:57

Next,let’stakealookattheplantdiseases.Plantdiseasesareanormalpartofnature;plantcellscontainspecialsignalingpathwaysthatenhancetheirdefensesagainstinsectsandpathogens.Oneexampleinvolvesaplanthormonecalledjasmonate,orjasmonicacid.Intheabsenceofharmfulstimuli,jasmonatebindstospecialproteins,calledJAZproteins,toregulateplantgrowth,pollenproduction,andotherprocesses.Inthepresenceofharmfulstimuli,however,jasmonateswitchesitssignalingpathways,shiftinginsteadtodirectingprocessesinvolvedinboostingplantdefense.

4:15

Plantpathogensareadaptedtonegateorevadeplantdefensemechanisms,forexample,bytheinjecti