微生物学微生物学 (38).docVIP

BacterialCellStructure

P1Afterlearningthissection,youshould

Distinguishatypicalbacterialcellfromatypicalplantoranimalcellintermsofcellshapesandarrangements,size,andcellstructures

P2Structuresoftenobservedinbacterialcellsaresummarizedandillustratedinthistable（出table3.1）and

P3thispicture（出figure3.6）.

Notethatnosinglebacteriumpossessesallofthesestructuresatalltimes.Someare

foundonlyincertaincellsincertainconditionsorincertainphasesofthelifecycle.

Table?3.1??Common?Bacterial?Structures?and?Their?Functions

Plasma?membrane?

Selectively?permeable?barrier,?mechanical?boundary?of?cell,nutrient?and?waste?transport,?location?of?many?metabolicprocesses?(respiration,?photosynthesis),?detection?of?environmental?cues?for?

chemotaxis

Gas?vacucle?

An?inclusion?that?provides?buoyancy?for?floating?in?aquatic?environments

Ribosomes??

Protein?synthesis

Inclusions??

Storage?of?carbon,?phosphate,?and?other?substances

Nucleoid??

Localization?of?genetic?material?(DNA)

Periplasmic?space

?In?typical?Gram-negative?bacteria,?contains?hydrolytic?enzymes?and?binding?proteins?for?nutrient?processing?and?uptake;?in?typical?Gram-positive?bacteria,?may?be?smaller?or?absent

Cell?wall??

Protection?from?osmotic?stress?helps?maintain?cell?shape

Capsules?and?slime?layers?

Resistance?to?phagocytosis,?adherence?to?surfaces

Fimbriae?and?pili??

Attachment?to?surfaces,?bacterial?conjugation?and?transformation,?twitching?and?gliding?motility?

Flagella

?Swimming?and?swarming?motility

Endospore??

Survival?under?harsh?environmental?conditions

P3

Bacterialcellsareoftensurroundedbyseverallayers,whicharecollectivelycalledthecellenvelope.

Theinnermostlayerofthecellenvelopeistheplasmamembrane（红色方框进入1）,whichsurroundsthecytoplasm.

CellMembrane,actsasSelectively?permeable/?p??mi?bl/barrier,mechanicalboundary?of?cell,isresponsiblefornutrientandwastetransport,?location?of?many?metabolicprocess