微生物学微生物学 (25).docVIP

P2

ThisisEmilAdolfvonBehring,aGermanymedicalscientist.

Prizemotivation:forhisworkonserum/?s??r?m/therapy,especiallyitsapplicationagainstdiphtheria?/d?f?θ??ri?;d?p?θ??ri?/

,bywhichhehasopenedanewroadinthedomainofmedicalscienceandtherebyplacedinthehandsofthephysicianavictoriousweaponagainstillnessanddeaths.

ThisisCorynebacteriumdiphtheriae，whichcausesdiphtheria,aseriousdisease.

P3

RobertKoch

HegotTheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine1905,forhisinvestigationsanddiscoveriesinrelationtotuberculosis.

Tuberculosis(TB)isaseriousillnessaffectingtissue,especiallyinthelungs.RobertKoch,whohadconductedarangeofimportantstudiesonillnessescausedbymicroorganisms,discoveredanddescribedtheTBbacteriumin1882.

Mycobacteriumtuberculosis

P4

SirAlexanderFleming

TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine1945

Prizemotivation:forthediscoveryofpenicillinanditscurativeeffectinvariousinfectiousdiseases.

SirAlexanderFlemingdiscoveredtheantibioticpenicillin.Hehadtheinsighttorecognizethesignificanceoftheinhibitionofbacterialgrowthinthevicinityofafungalcontaminant.

P5

JoshuaLederberg

TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine1958

Prizemotivation:forhisdiscoveriesconcerninggeneticrecombinationandtheorganizationofthegeneticmaterialofbacteria.

Itwaslongthoughtthatbacteriamultiplybydividing,sothatallbacteriahavethesamegeneticmake-up.JoshuaLederbergandEdwardTatumdemonstratedin1946thatbacteriasgenescanalsochangeinawaysimilartothatofsexualreproductionseeninmorecomplexorganisms.BacteriacangothroughaphaseinwhichtwobacteriaexchangegeneticmaterialwithoneanotherbypassingpiecesofDNAacrossabridge-likeconnection.JoshuaLederbergalsoprovedthephenomenonknownastransduction,inwhichDNAistransferredbetweenbacteriaviabacteriophages.

P6

JacquesMonodFran?oisJac