微生物学微生物学 (21).pptVIP

Afterlearningthissection,youshouldbeableto:DescribeingeneraltermsthefuelingreactionsofchemolithotrophsandphototrophsDiscusstheuseofelectrontransportchainsandphosphorylationbychemolithotrophsandphototrophs

Chemolithotrophicbacteriaandarchaeaoxidizeinorganicmolecules(e.g.,H2SandNH3),whichserveasenergyandelectronsources.Theelectronsreleasedpassthroughanelectrontransportchain,(方框进入)generatingaprotonmotiveforce(PMF).ATPissynthesizedbyoxidativephosphorylation(oxphos).MostchemolithotrophsuseO2astheterminalelectronacceptor.However,somecanuseotherexogenousmoleculesasterminalelectronacceptors.Notethatamolecule(方框进入)otherthantheenergysourceprovidescarbonforbiosynthesis.Manychemolithotrophsareautotrophs.(表格进入)

Phototrophsuselighttogenerateaprotonmotiveforce(PMF),whichisthenusedtosynthesizeATPbyaprocesscalledphotophosphorylation(photophos).Theprocessrequireslight-absorbingpigments.Whenthepigmentsarechlorophyllorbacteriochlorophyll,theabsorptionoflighttriggerselectronflowthroughanelectrontransportchain,accompaniedbythepumpingofprotonsacrossamembrane.Theelectronflowcanbeeithercyclic(dashedline)(方框进入)ornoncyclic(solidline)(方框进入),dependingontheorganismanditsneeds.Rhodopsin-basedphototrophy(方框进入)differsinthatthePMFisformeddirectlybythelight-absorbingpigment,whichisalight-drivenprotonpump.ManyphototrophsareautotrophsandmustusemuchoftheATPandreducingpowertheymaketofixCO2

Anoxygenicphototrophshaveasinglephotosystem.Thismeansthattheyarerestrictedtocyclicphotophosphorylationandareunabletoproduce02fromH20.Indeed,almostallanoxygenicphototrophsarestrictanaerobes.Youcanseethecyclicelectronflowonthepicturesbelow.Anoxygenicphototrophs

ThesetwopicturesshowOxygenicPhotosynthesis.Youcanseethenoncyclicelectronflowand