微生物学微生物学 (26).pptVIP

Afterlearningthissection,youshouldbeableto:EvaluatetheimportanceofthecontributionstomicrobiologymadebyHooke,Leeuwenhoek,Pasteur,Kochandsoon.PredictthedifficultiesthatmightarisewhenusingKochspostulatestodetermineifamicrobecausesadiseaseuniquetohumans.

ThepersonwhofirstlydescribemicrobesRobertHooke(1635-1703)iscreditedwithpublishingthefirstdrawingsofmicroorganismsinthescientificliterature.In1665hepublishedahighlydetaileddrawingofthefungusMucorinhisbookMicrographia.

FatherofMicrobiologyAntonyvanLeeuwenhock(1632-1723)Leeuwenhoeksdrawingsofbacteriafromthehumanmouth.Heobservedandexperimentedwithmicroscopicorganisms,usingsimplemicroscopesofhisowndesign.Thedevelopmentofmicroscopeswasthecriticalfirststepintheevolutionofmicrobiology.

Spontaneousgeneration–thatlivingorganismscoulddevelopfromnonlivingmatter.ThespontaneousgenerationconflictTheItalianphysicianFrancescoRedi(1626-1697),chanllengedthethetheoryfirst.Heprovedthatmeatdidnotspontaneouslygeneratemaggots.

Pasteur(1861)conflictoverspontaneousgeneration–birthofmicrobiologyasascience.Swan-neckflasksNogrowthtookplaceeventhoughthecontentsoftheflaskswereexposedtotheair.Coolthebrothdustandgermstrappedhere

Conclusion:Microorganismsarenotspontaneouslygeneratedfrominanimatematter,butareproducedbyothermicroorganisms

Pasteur’scontributions:LouisPasteurworkinginhislaboratoryLouisPasteur(1822–1895)Pasteur(1857)demonstratedthatlacticacidfermentationisduetotheactivityofmicroorganismsPasteurizationPasteur(1881)developedthefirstvaccineforrabiesandanthrax.

RobertKochinhislaboratoryOneofhiscontributionsistherecognitionofmicrobialroleindisease.HeestablishedtherelationshipbetweenBacillusanthracisandanthrax.RobertKoch(1843–1910)Thefirstdirectdemonstrationthatbacte