微生物学微生物学 (29).docVIP

TypesofViralInfections

Afterreadingthissection,youshouldbeableto:

?Compareandcontrastthemajorstepsofthelifecyclesofvirulentphagesandtemperatephages

InfectionsofBacterial:LysisandLysogeny

Bacteriophagescanbeeithervirulentortemperate.Avirulentphageisonethathasonlyoneoption:tobeginmultiplyingimmediatelyuponenteringitsbacterialhost,followedbyreleasefromthehostbylysis.T4isanexampleofavirulentphage.Temperatephageshavetwooptions:uponentryintothehost,theycanmultiplylikevirulentphagesandlysethehostcell,ortheycanremainwithinthehostwithoutdestroyingit(figure6.15).

BacteriophageT4:AVirulentBacteriophage

ThelifecycleofT4bacteriophage(familyMyoviridae,speciesEnterobacteriaphageT4)servesasourexampleofavirulentdsDNAphage.Virulent(lytic)bacteriophagesarecapableonlyofthelyticcycle.Thatis,theirinfectionofahostalwaysendswithcelllysis.

P4：5个方框

Aswithmostviruses(exceptplantviruses),thefirststepofviralinfectionisattachment（红色方框进入1）(adsorption)tothehostcellsurface.T4attachmentbeginswhenatailfibercontactseitherthelipopolysaccharideorcertainproteinsintheoutermembraneofitsEscherichiacolihost(figure27.4a).

Asmoretailfibersmakecontact,thebaseplatesettlesdownonthesurface（红色方框进入2）(figure27.4b).Afterthebaseplateisseatedfirmlyonthecellsurface,thebaseplateandsheathchangeshape,andthetailsheathreorganizessothatitshortensfromacylinder24ringslongtoonly12rings（红色方框进入3）(figure27.4c,d).

Asthesheathbecomesshorterandwider,thecentraltubeispushedthroughthebacterialcellwall（红色方框进入4）.Thebaseplatecontainstheproteingp5,whichhaslysozymeactivity.Lysozymeisanenzymethatbreaksthebondslinkingthesugarsofpeptidoglycantogether(seefigure33.4).Thusthisproteinaidsinthepenetrationofthetubethroughthepeptidoglycanlaye