微生物学微生物学 (30).docVIP

Yeast

Discribethelifecycleofyeasts

Ayeastisaunicellularfunguswithasinglenucleusthatreproduceseitherasexuallybybuddingandtransversedivisionorsexuallythroughsporeformation.

Eachbudthatseparatescangrowintoanewcell,andsomegrouptogethertoformcolonies.Generallyyeastcellsarelargerthanbacteriaandarecommonlysphericaltoegg-shaped.

Theylackflagellaandciliabuthavemostothereukaryoticorganelles.

ThelifecycleoftheyeastSaccharomycescerevisiae,iswellunderstood.

S.cerevisiaealternatesbetweenhaploidanddiploidstates.Aslongasnutrientsremainplentiful,haploidanddiploidcellsundergomitosistoproducehaploidanddiploiddaughtercells,respectively.Eachdaughtercellleavesascaronthemothercellasitseparates,anddaughtercellsbudonlyfromunscarredregionsofthecellwall.Whenamothercellhasnomoreunscarredcellwallremaining,itcannolongerreproduceandwilldie.

Whennutrientsarelimited,diploidS.cerevisiaecellsundergomeiosistoproducefourhaploidcellsthatremainboundwithinacommoncellwall,theascus.Upontheadditionofnutrients,twohaploidcellsofoppositematingtypes(aandα)comeintocontactandfusetocreateadiploid.Typicallyonlycellsofoppositematingtypescanfuse;thisprocessistightlyregulatedbytheactionofpheromones.