微生物学微生物学 (39).docVIP

BacterialCellMorphology

P1Afterlearningthissection,youshould

Distinguishatypicalbacterialcellfromatypicalplantoranimal

cellintermsofcellshapesandarrangements,size,andcellstructures

Discussthefactorsthatdeterminethesizeandshapeofabacterialcell

P2Shape,Arrangement,andSize

Themicrobialworldoffersconsiderablevarietyintermsofmorphology.

However,thetwomostcommonshapesarecocciandrods

P3Cocci(s.,coccus)areroughlysphericalcells（图片1进入）.Theycanexistsinglyorcanbeassociatedincharacteristicarrangementsthatcanbeusefulintheiridentification.

Diplococci(s.,diplococcus)（图片1进入）arisewhencoccidivideandremaintogethertoformpairs.Longchains（图片1进入）ofcocciresultwhencellsadhereafterrepeateddivisionsinoneplane;thispatternisseeninthegeneraStreptococcus,Enterococcus,andLactococcus

MembersofthegenusStaphylococcusdivideinrandomplanestogenerateirregular,grapelikeclumps.

P4Divisionsintwoorthreeplanescanproducesymmetricalclustersofcocci（图片1进入）.BacteriainthegenusMicrococcusoftendivideintwoplanestoformsquaregroupsoffourcellscalledtetrads./tetr?dz/.

InthegenusSarcina（图片1进入）,coccidivideinthreeplanes,producingcubicalpacketsofeightcells.

P5

Bacillusmegateriumisanexampleofabacteriumwitharodshape(figure3.lc).Rods,sometimescalledbacilli(s.,bacillus),differconsiderablyintheirlength-to-widthratio,thecoccobacillibeingsoshortandwidethattheyresemblecocci.

（图片1进入）Theshapeoftherodsendoftenvariesbetweenspeciesandmaybeflat,rounded,cigar-shaped,orbifurcated.Althoughmanyrodsoccursingly,someremaintogetherafterdivisiontoformpairsorchains(e.g.,Bacillusmegateriumisfoundinlongchains).

P6Othercellshapesandarrangementsarealsoobserved.Vibriosarecomma/?k?m?

-shaped(figure3.2a).Spirillaarerigid,spiral-shapedcells(figure3.2b).Manyhavetuftsofflagel