微生物学微生物学 (35).docVIP

NutrientRequirement

Afterlearningthissection,youshouldbeableto:

Identifythenutrientsourcesformicroorganisms.

Microorganismsrequireabouttenelementsinlargequantities,becausetheyareusedtoconstructcarbohydrates,lipids,proteins,andnucleicacids.Severalotherelementsareneededinverysmallamountsandarepartsofenzymesandcofactors.

Macronutrients

95%ormoreofcelldryweightismadeupofafewmajorelements:carbon(C),oxygen(O),hydrogen(H),nitrogen(N),sulfur(S),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg)andiron(Fe).

Thefirstsix(C,H,O,N,PandS)arecomponentsofcarbohydrates,lipids,proteinsandnucleicacids

TraceElements

Microbesrequireverysmallamountsofothermineralelements,suchascopper,molybdenum,andzinc;thesearereferredtoastraceelements.

Mostareessentialforactivityofcertainenzymes,usuallyascofactors.

Sixmicrobialnutritionalfactors:

Carbonsource

Nitrogensource

Energysource

Growthfactor

Mineralsalts

Water

Carbonsource

Nitrogensource

Energysource

Allanimalsandalargenumberofheterotrophicmicroorganismsareaminoacidheterotrophic,whileallgreenplantsandmanymicroorganismsareaminoacidautotrophic，suchasE.coli,S.cerevisiae,mostactinomycetesandfungi)

Someterms

difunctionalnutrient:carbonsource,NH4+,NO2-

trifunctionalnutrient:aminoacid

monofunctionalnutrient:opticalradiant

sodium?bicarbonate碳酸氢钠

ammonium?sulfate硫酸铵

potassiumnitrate硝酸钾/p??t?si?m/?

words

carbohydrates碳水化合物，糖类

lipids脂类

protein蛋白

nucleicacid核酸

enzymesandcofactors酶和辅因子

carbon(C)碳oxygen(O)氧hydrogen(H)氢,nitrogen(N)氮,sulfur(S)硫,

phosphorus(P)磷,potassium(K)钾,calcium(Ca)钙,magnesium(Mg)镁andiron(Fe)铁

copper,molybdenum,andzinc

copper(Cu)铜,molybdenum(Mo)钼,andzinc(Zn)

Macronutrients大量元素

TraceElements微量元素

Carbonsource碳源

Nitrogensource氮源

Energysource能源

Growthfactor生长因子

Mineralsalts矿物质

Autot