微生物学微生物学 (31).pptVIP

Afterlearningthissection,youshouldbeableto:?StatethesizerangeofvirionsIdentifythepartsofavirionanddescribetheirfunctionDistinguishenvelopedvirusesfromnonenvelopedvirusesDescribethetypesofcapsidsymmetry

Virion--VirusparticlesAcompletevirusparticleiscalledavirion.Virionmorphologyhasbeenintenselystudiedoverthepastdecadesbecauseoftheimportanceofvirusesandtherealizationthatvirionstructureissimpleenoughtobeunderstoodindetail.Progresshascomefromtheuseofseveraldifferenttechniques:electronmicroscopy,X-raydiffraction,biochemicalanalysis,andimmunology.Althoughourknowledgeisincompleteduetothelargenumberofdifferentviruses,wecandiscussthegeneralnatureofvirionstructure.

Virionsrangeinsizefromabout10to400nmindiameter.Thesmallestarealittlelargerthanribosomes,whereasmimiviruses,thelargestvirusesknown,havevirionslargerthansomeofthesmallestbacteriaandcanbeseeninthelightmicroscope.Mostvirusparticlesmustbeviewedwithelectronmicroscopes.SizeandMorphology

StructureofVirionGeneralizedStructureofVirions.(a)Thesimplestvirionisthatofanonenvelopedvirus(nucleocapsid),consistingofacapsidassembledarounditsnucleicacid.(b)Virionsofenvelopedvirusesarecomposedofanucleocapsidsurroundedbyamembranecalledanenvelope.Theenvelopeusuallyhasviralproteinscalledspikesinsertedintoit.nucleocapsid

Therearethreetypesofcapsidsymmetry:HelicalIcosahedralComplexstructure

HelicalCapsidsHelicalcapsidsareshapedlikehollowtubeswithproteinwalls.Tobaccomosaicvirusisawell-studiedexampleofhelicalcapsidstructure.ThisisAnelectronmicrographofthenegativelystainedhelicalcapsid(itismaganified400,000times).Thevirionsareusually15to18nmindiameterand300nmlong.

Lookatthemiddlepicture.Theself-assemblyofTMVprotomersintoahelicalarrangementproducesar