微生物学微生物学 (33).docVIP

CultureMedia

Itisestimatedthatonly1to5%ofallmicrobesarecurrentlyculturable.

Soculturingmicrobesisanimportanttoolusedbymicrobiologists.

Culturingmicrobesispossibleonlyifsuitableculturemediaareavailable.

Aculturemediumisasolidorliquidpreparationusedtogrow,transport,andstoremicroorganisms.

Tobeeffective,themediummustcontainallthenutrientsthemicroorganismrequiresforgrowth.

Specializedmediaareessentialintheisolationandidentificationofmicroorganisms,thetestingofantibioticsensitivities,waterandfoodanalysis,industrialmicrobiology,andotheractivities.

Althoughallmicroorganismsneedsourcesofenergyandmacro-andmicronutrients,theprecisecompositionofasatisfactorymediumdependsonthespeciesbeingcultivatedduetothegreatvarietyofnutritionalrequirements.

Knowledgeofamicroorganismsnormalhabitatoftenisusefulinselectinganappropriateculturemediumbecauseitsnutrientrequirementsreflectitsnaturalsurroundings.

Frequentlyamediumisusedtoselectandgrowspecificmicroorganismsortohelpidentifyaparticularspecies.

Mediacanalsobespecificallydesignedtofacilitatethegrowthofonetypeofmicrobepresentinasamplefromnature.

Culturemediacanbeclassifiedbasedonseveralparameters:thechemicalconstituentsfromwhichtheyaremade,theirphysicalnature,andtheirfunction(table7.4).Thetypesofmediadefinedbytheseparametersaredescribedhere.

ChemicalandPhysicalTypesofCultureMedia

Amediuminwhichallchemicalcomponentsareknownisadefinedorsyntheticmedium.

Itcanbeinaliquidform(broth)orsolidifiedbyanagentsuchasagar.

Definedmediaareoftenusedtoculturephotoautotrophssuchascyanobacteriaandphotosyntheticprotists.ThesemicrobesuseC02asacarbonsourceandlightasanenergysource.Thustheycanbegrownonmediacontainingsodiumcarbonateorbicarbonate(sourcesofC02),nitrate