基础化学基础化学 (37).ppt

Chapter6:AdvancedChemicalEquations

6.3NeutralizationReactions6.4.1SingleReplacementReactions

LearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletodescribehowacidsandbasesreactandidentifyconjugatebasesandconjugateacidsexplainmetathesisreactionsandhowlowsolubilityproductdrivesthemclassifyelectrolytesaccordingly

ThesearereactionsinwhichanacidreactswithabasetoproduceasaltandwaterandideallyasolutionofpH7,ifthemolarconcentrationsofreactantsisbalancedinachemicalequatione.g.6.3NeutralizationReactions

AcidsaredefinedascompoundsthatproduceH+ionswhendissolvedinwaterandbasesascompoundsthatproduceOH-ionswhendissolvedinwater.Thus,thedrivingforcebehindaneutralizationreactionistheproductionofthestable,covalentwatermoleculebyremovalofandionsfromsolution.6.3NeutralizationReactions

ConjugateAcidsandBases

MetathesisReactionsTheserevolvearoundthebasicchemicalequationbelow(“Μεταφ?ρουν”istheverbtotransposeinGreek)e.g.precipitate6.4SingleReplacementReactions,ActivitySeries

SomeValuesforSolubilityProductConstants(Ksp)at298K

Generallythreefactorscanleadtotheremovalofionsfromsolution:1.Weakornon-electrolyteformation2.Precipitateformation3.EscapeofagasfromsolutionSingleReplacementReactions,ActivitySeries

▲PrecipitationofCu(OH)2(s)SingleReplacementReactions,ActivitySeries

ElectrolyteClassificationofSomeCommonSubstances

SolventMiscibilityTable

HowmanywordshaveGreekorLatinrootsinEnglish?DictionaryDefinition/definition/miscible

WhatPercentageofEnglishWordsAreDerivedfromGreekandLatin?

ItisKsp=[Ag+]3[PO43-]andsotheansweris(c).Whichoftheseexpressioncorrectlyexpressesthesolubility-productconstantforAg3PO4inwater?

12341Neutralizationreactionsarewhenanacidreactswithabasetoproduceasaltandwater.Whenanacidlosesaproton,thespeciesfo