基础化学基础化学 (1).doc

基础化学基础化学 (1).doc

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ExtraProblemsforChapter1–FromCollegeChemistry,page8

1.1Thecolouroflightdependsonitswavelength.Redlighthasawavelengthontheorderof7.8×10-7m.Expressthislengthinmicrometres,innanometres,andinangstroms.

Ans.0.78mm,780nm,7800?

1.2Theblueiridescenceofbutterflywingsisduetostriationsthatare0.15μmapart,asmeasuredbyanelectronmicroscope.Whatisthisdistanceincentimetres?Howdoesthisspacingcomparewiththewavelengthofbluelight,about4500??

Ans.1.5×10-5cm,1/3thewavelength

1.3InacrystalofPt,individualatomsare2.8?apartalongthedirectionofclosestpacking.Howmanyatomswouldlieona1.00-cmlengthofalineinthisdirection?

Ans.3.5×107

1.4Thebrominecontentofaverageoceanwateris65partsbyweightpermillion.Assuming100%recovery,howmanycubicmetersofoceanwatermustbeprocessedtoproduce0.61kgofbromine?Assumethatthedensityofseawateris1.0×103kg/m3.

Ans.9.4m3

1.5Findthevolumeinlitresof40kgofcarbontetrachloride,whosedensityis1.60g/cm3.

Ans.25L

1.6Asampleofconcentratedsulfuricacidis95.7%H2SO4byweightanditsdensityis1.84g/cm3.(a)HowmanygramsofpureH2SO4arecontainedinonelitreoftheacid?(b)Howmanycubiccentimetresofacidcontain100gofpureH2SO4?

Ans.(a)1.76×103g;(b)56.8cm3

1.7AquickmethodofdeterminingdensityutilizesArchimedesprinciple,whichstatesthatthebuoyantforceonanimmersedobjectisequaltotheweightoftheliquiddisplaced.Abarofmagnesiummetalattachedtoabalancebyafinethreadweighed31.13ginairand19.35gwhencompletelyimmersedinhexane(density0.659g/cm3).CalculatethedensityofthissampleofmagnesiuminSIunits.

Ans.1741kg/m3

1.8Apieceofgoldleaf(density19.3g/cm3)weighing1.93mgcanbebeatenintoatransparentfilmcoveringanareaof14.5cm3.Whatisthevolumeof1.93mgofgold?Whatisthethicknessofthetranspar

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