基础化学基础化学 (43).pdf

ExtraProblemsforChapter2,fromCollegeChemistry,page58

Problems

1Whenaphotonofwavelengthλ=400nmstrikesaCstarget,anelectronisejected.Calculatethe

kineticenergyoftheelectronifthemaximumwavelengthtoobtainaphotoelectronfromCsis660

nm.

Ans.1.22eV

2IthasbeenfoundthatI2(g)moleculesaredissociatedintoatomsonabsorptionoflightwithλ≤

499.5nm.IfonephotoncarriesenoughenergytodissociateI2,computethedissociationenergyin

kJ/mol.

Ans.239.5kJ/mol

3(a)WhatisthefrequencyoflightemittedwhenaHe+ionundergoesan=1transition?(b)Whatis

thesecondionizationenergyofHe?

Ans.(a)9.9×1015s-1,(b)54.4eV

4GiventheionizationenergyofLiandtheelectronaffinityofCl(Table7-2),computeDEforthe

+-

reactionLi(g)+Cl(g)→Li(g)+Cl(g)

Ans.+172kJ/mol

5Inameasurementofthequantumefficiencyofphotosynthesisingreenplants,itwasfoundthat8

quantaofredlightat685nmwereneededtoevolveonemoleculeofO2.Theaverageenergy

storageinthephotosyntheticprocessis469kJpermoleofO2evolved.Whatistheenergy

conversionefficiencyinthisexperiment?

Ans.33.5%

6Theprominentyellowlineinthespectrumofasodiumvapourlamphasawavelengthof590nm.

Whatminimumacceleratingpotentialisneededtoexcitethislineinanelectrontubecontaining

sodiumvapour?

Ans.2.10V

7TheiconicradiiofS2-andTe2-are1.84and2.21Å,respectively.Whatwouldyoupredictforthe

iconicradiusofSe2-andforP3-?

Ans.SinceSefallsinbetweenSandTe,oneexpectsanintermediatevalue;observedvalueis1.98Å.

SincePisjusttotheleftofS,aslightlylargervalueisexpected;observedvalueis2.12Å.

8VanderWaalsradiiforSandClare1.85and1.80Å,respectively.Whatwouldyoupredictforthe

vanderWaalsradiusofAr?

Ans.Movingtowardtherightinthesameperiodthet