人民大2024管理学原理（第10版）英文教师手册robbinscoulter_fom10_im_hm.doc

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人民大2024管理学原理（第10版）英文教师手册robbinscoulter_fom10_im_hm.doc

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HistoryModule–ABriefHistoryofManagement’sRoots

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HISTORYMODULE

ABRIEFHISTORYOFMANAGEMENT’SROOTS

Sincethebirthofmodernmanagementtheoryintheearly1900s,managementexpertshavedevelopedtheoriestohelporganizationsandtheirmanagerscoordinateandoverseeworkactivitiesaseffectivelyandefficientlyaspossible.Inpresentingthehistoryofmodernmanagement,thismoduleexplorestheevolutionofmanagementthoughtandpracticeduringthetwentiethcentury.

EARLYMANAGEMENT

3000-2500B.C.E.TheEgyptianpyramidswereprojectsoftremendousscopeandmagnitude,requiringtheeffortsoftensofthousandsofpeople.Howwasitpossiblefortheseprojectstobecompletedsuccessfully?Theanswerismanagement.Regardlessofthetitlesgiventomanagersthroughouthistory,someonehasalwayshadtoplanwhatneedstobeaccomplished,organizepeopleandmaterials,leadanddirectworkers,andimposecontrolstoensurethatgoalswereattainedasplanned.

1400s ExamplesofearlymanagementpracticescanalsobeseenbystudyingthearsenalofVenice.Assemblylines,accountingsystems,andpersonnelfunctionsareonlyafewoftheprocessesandactivitiesusedinbusinessinthefifteenthcenturythatarecommontotoday’sorganizationsaswell.

1776 AdamSmith,authoroftheclassicaleconomicsdoctrineTheWealthofNations,arguedbrilliantlyfortheeconomicadvantagesthathebelieveddivisionoflabor(thebreakdownofjobsintonarrow,repetitivetasks)wouldbringtoorganizationsandsociety.

1780s-mid-1800sTheIndustrialRevolutionispossiblythemostimportantpre-twentieth-centuryinfluenceonmanagement.Theintroductionofmachinepowerscombinedwiththedivisionoflabormadelarge,efficientfactoriespossible.Planning,organizing,leading,andcontrollingbecamenecessaryactivities.

CLASSICALAPPROACHES

1911 Scientificmanagementisdefinedastheuse

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人民大2024管理学原理（第10版）英文教师手册robbinscoulter_fom10_im_hm.doc