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UnitOne WhatisLexicology?
LexicologyItisabranchoflinguisticsdealingwiththevocabularyofalanguageandthepropertiesofwordsasthemainunitsoflanguage.
WordItisthebasicunitofspeechandminimalfreeformwhichhasagivensoundandmeaningand grammaticalfunction.
Therelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningisconventionalbecausepeopleofthesamespeechcommunityhaveagreedtothisclusterofsoundsforsuchananimal.
分类Wordsmayfallintobasicwordstockandnon-basicbyusefrequency;contentwordsandfunctionalwordsbynotion,nativewordsorborrowedwordsbyorigin.
Basicwordsstableandindispensable
characteristics
1Allnationalcharacter:.2Stability:3Productivity.4Polysemy:5collocability.
Non-basicwords：Terminology术语Slang俚语Jargon行话Argot隐语Dialectalwords方言
Archaisms古词Neologisms新词
functionalwords,like:prep.conj.Auxilariesandarticles…Theydon’thavenotionoftheirown.Content(notional)wordsconstitutethemainbodyofEnglishvocabulary.Theyarenouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals.
Nativewords:Anglo-Saxonwords,smallinnumber,thecoreofthelanguage,neutralinstyle,frequentinuse.
Borrowedwords:arewordstakenoverfromotherlanguages
e.g.chaos,dogma,drama,pneumonia Greek. hymn,pope,martyr,monk,anthem,shrine,creed–oldE Cradle,bald,slogan,flannel,down Celtic Balcony,corridor,attack,cannon,operaItaly
vocabulary
allthewordsinalanguagetogether,allitemsinadictionary.
5.Exercises:
Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A
a.Awordisthesmallestformofalanguage. b.Awordisasoundunity.
c.Awordhasagivenmeaning. d.Awordcanbeusedfreelyinasentence.
ThedifferencesbetweensoundandformareduetoD
a.thefactofmorephonemesthanlettersinEnglish b.stabilizationofspellingbyprinting
c.influenceoftheworkofscribes d.innovationsmadebylinguists
Completethefollowingsentences:
Thereisnoint
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